Despite being mistaken for smallpox or chicken pox for the larger part of history, Measles is a distinct and old disease that has been around for a long time. Scientists believe that it evolved from Rinderpest, a once-devastating infection among cattle and other livestock. Over time, it adapted to humans and became what we now know as Measles – one of the most contagious viral illnesses.
Now, this disease is making a comeback in Bangladesh. The infection itself leads to various complications and even death, especially in children. It has no specific cure, but it is entirely preventable through vaccination. As of 31 March 2026, at least 39 children have died from this and there are at least 676 confirmed cases throughout Bangladesh.
“It is highly infectious and harmful, much more than people often realise,” stated Dr Farjana Sharmin Panna, a medical officer of the Paediatrics Department of Mymensingh Medical College. “And children are the most vulnerable to measles. A child with measles needs careful monitoring, especially in the first few days after the rash appears.”
The illness usually begins 10 to 12 days after exposure, starting with fever, cough, runny nose and red eyes. Within a few days, a rash appears- typically beginning on the face and then spreading downward. While many cases resolve within a week to ten days, the risks should not be underestimated.
Complications such as pneumonia, diarrhoea and in rare cases, even brain inflammation can occur. “Children under 5 are at the highest risk of pneumonia, encephalitis and even death,” said Dr Farjana.
“While there is no specific antiviral cure, supportive care is crucial in the case of measles,” said Dr Sakib Abrar, a medical officer of the Medicine Department at Dhaka Medical College. Rest, adequate fluid intake and maintaining proper nutrition can help the body recover.
Fever can be managed with appropriate medication and vitamin A supplement is often recommended for children, as it can reduce the severity of many complications.
Isolation is equally important. Since measles spreads through respiratory droplets and can linger in the air, infected individuals should stay away from school, work, and crowded places for at least several days after the rash appears. “Preventing further transmission is key,” explained Dr Sakib. “Even being in the same room can be enough for the virus to spread.”
Caregivers must be aware as well. They must watch for warning signs such as difficulty in breathing, persistent high fever, dehydration and unusual drowsiness. These are symptoms that require immediate medical attention.
However, prevention is far more effective than treatment for this measles problem. After all, the measles vaccine is the most reliable protection, typically given in two doses during childhood. “Children inherit measles immunity from their mothers which lasts during the first 9 months of birth. That is why one dose of the vaccine is given at 9 months and the other at 15 months,” said Dr Farjana.
“High vaccination coverage is very important when fighting measles. Not only does it protect individuals but also creates community immunity which reduces the chances of outbreaks,” added Dr Sakib.
Maintaining good hygiene can also help. Regular handwashing, covering coughs and sneezes, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals can help limit the spread of the disease.
Doctors also stress the importance of catching up on missed vaccinations. “Many people miss their children’s second dosage of the vaccine. But it is always better late than never. They should see a doctor as soon as possible and get their children vaccinated,” said Dr Farjana.
As Bangladesh navigates this rise in cases, we must remember that measles is preventable, manageable and controllable, especially with timely action. Public health plays a massive role here as well. With proper awareness and the right steps, it is possible to beat this ancient evil.
