As winter draws to a close, its most persistent companion continues to affect many: the common cold. Though temperatures are beginning to rise, cases of seasonal viral infections remain common, keeping clinics and pharmacies busy. Sneezing, sore throats, blocked noses, and persistent coughing remain everyday complaints, even in winter’s final weeks.
“Winter is the most common season for viral infections like the common cold,” said Dr Sakib Abrar, an internal medical officer at the Department of Medicine, Dhaka Medical College. “Lower temperatures, reduced humidity and closer indoor contact all contribute to the increased spread of respiratory viruses during this season.”
The common cold is primarily caused by viruses, most commonly rhinoviruses. These spread easily through respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces. In winter, people tend to spend more time indoors with closed doors and windows, which also increases the likelihood of transmission. Cold, dry air also dries out the nasal passages, weakening the body’s natural defence mechanisms.
“Dry nasal mucosa is less effective at trapping viruses,” explained the doctor. “That is also one of the reasons people fall sick more often during winter.”
The symptoms of the common cold usually include a runny or blocked nose, sore throat, sneezing, mild fever, headache and general fatigue. While the illness is usually self-limiting and resolves within a week, it can be quite uncomfortable for children, the elderly and those with chronic illnesses.
One common misconception is that exposure to cold weather alone causes a cold. “Cold weather does not directly cause viral infections,” said Dr Sakib. “But it creates conditions that make the body more vulnerable and help viruses spread more efficiently.”
Preventive measures remain simple yet effective. Regular hand washing with soap, avoiding touching the face and maintaining respiratory hygiene, such as covering the mouth while coughing or sneezing, can significantly reduce the viral transmission. Wearing masks in crowded indoor spaces, especially when unwell, can also help protect others.
Hydration plays an important role in managing and preventing colds. Many people drink less water during winter, which can worsen throat irritation and congestion. “Staying hydrated helps keep mucous membranes moist and better able to fight infection,” noted the doctor.
Adequate rest and nutrition are equally crucial. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables and protein supports immune function, while proper sleep allows the body to recover and resist infections. Warm fluids such as soups and herbal teas may not cure a cold, but they can provide symptomatic relief by soothing the throat and easing the congestion.
The medicine specialist also cautioned against unnecessary use of antibiotics. “The common cold is viral, and antibiotics do not work against viruses,” he said. “With antibiotic resistance being at an all-time high, we should avoid the misuse of antibiotics as much as possible.”
While most colds resolve on their own, medical attention should be sought if symptoms persist or worsen beyond ten days. One should also seek medical attention if the cold is accompanied by high fever, chest pain and difficulty in breathing for a long time.
As winter settles in, the common cold remains a familiar companion of the season. Yet with mindful habits and informed care, its impact can be minimised. The cold air may linger, but taking simple precautions can help ensure that winter is remembered for its calm and beauty rather than the persistent coughs and sneezes.
