The Jalali pigeon, deeply entwined with the history, spirituality and cultural identity of Sylhet, is facing an existential crisis. Associated with the shrine of Hazrat Shahjalal (R), this rare pigeon breed is gradually disappearing as it interbreeds with domestic and other pigeon varieties.
Conservationists and bird researchers warn that without proper care and protection, the original Jalali pigeon may soon become a thing of the past.
Historians trace the origin of the Jalali pigeon back to the late 13th century. After conquering Srihatta (present-day Sylhet) with 360 companions to spread Islam, Hazrat Shahjalal (R) spent the rest of his life there. During a journey to Delhi at the invitation of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya (R), he is believed to have brought back a pair of pigeons. Over centuries, the offspring of that pair multiplied, forming large flocks that came to be known as Jalali pigeons. Today, this distinctive breed is found only in Sylhet and parts of Delhi.
Jalali pigeons are easily recognisable. They are small in size, with a rounded head and ash-blue plumage. Their beaks, eyes, and head carry a subtle blend of golden and grey hues. An adult Jalali pigeon typically weighs between 500 and 600 grams and can live for five to ten years. They usually reside in specially designed, compartmentalised shelters where bonded pairs live closely together.
For visitors to Sylhet, the Jalali pigeons remain a major attraction at the shrine of Hazrat Shahjalal (R). Tourists often spend time feeding them, taking photographs, or simply watching them flock together. Children run after the pigeons in delight, while adults pause to admire their calm presence in the bustling shrine compound.
“Jalali pigeons are completely different,” says visitor Jahanara Begum. “Their colour, behaviour, everything feels unique. There is something mystical about them that you don’t see anywhere else.”
Local resident Abdul Aziz echoes the sentiment. “They are beautiful and gentle birds. They like to live together, and the bond between a pair is stronger than in other pigeon species. Traditionally, Jalali pigeons would not mate with other breeds.”
Yet that natural barrier is breaking down. According to Professor Sultan Ahmed of Sylhet Agricultural University, the decline has been drastic. “Thirty-five years ago, there were hundreds of thousands of Jalali pigeons in Sylhet. Today, their number is unlikely to exceed 20,000,” he said. “Crossbreeding with local pigeons is producing hybrid varieties, and the original Jalali pigeon is disappearing.” He added that cultural respect for the bird has also eroded.
Sylhet District Livestock Officer, Md. Mijanur Rahman Miah explains the biological reasons behind the crossbreeding. “If a pigeon loses its mate, often due to unsuccessful hatching, it may pair with another species, leading to genetic mixing. Long-term inbreeding can also weaken Jalali pigeons, making them more likely to mate outside the breed.”
To save the Jalali pigeon, Mijanur emphasises the need for focused research and monitoring. The shrine authorities must also take a more proactive role, he added.
Once a living symbol of Sylhet’s spiritual heritage, the Jalali pigeon now stands at a crossroads. Without immediate conservation measures, this centuries-old legacy may soon fade into history, leaving behind only stories, photographs and regret.
